The updated guidelines recognize the limitations of BMI alone in diagnosing obesity and recommend a multidimensional approach incorporating body fat assessment (e.g., DEXA, waist ratios) and evaluation of organ dysfunction or functional limitations. Obesity is classified as clinical or preclinical, with management centered on prevention, personalization, and functional health outcomes

This new IDF Global Clinical Practice Recommendations for Managing Type 2 Diabetes – 2025 provide healthcare professionals with contemporary framework for effective management of diabetes. The recommendations are based on the review of the latest therapeutic and technological evidence.

The study revealed that childhood vaccine coverage has doubled for core immunizations since 1980 but plateaued after 2010 and declined post COVID-19. From 2019 to 2021, zero-dose children spiked to 18.6 million, with over half present in 8 nations, including India. The findings outline the urgent need for focused and locally adapted immunization strategies to achieve childhood vaccination goals.

Poor lifestyle habits, multiple chronic conditions, and mental health issues escalated the risk of severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in elderly men. Smoking (OR 1.99), unhealthy diet (1.59) & physical inactivity (1.99) heightened the severity, while a negative association was seen with the absence of heart disease, diabetes mellitus, depressive disorders & sleep disorder.

In two large UK cohorts of over 390,000 individuals with diabetes, the incidence of diabetic foot ulcer disease (DFUD) ranged from 9.0 to 4.4/1000 person-years. Researchers pinpointed older age, male sex, smoking, elevated systolic blood pressure, and high baseline HbA1c as key risk factors. Early identification and targeted prevention of these risk factors may curb DFUD risk and improve outcomes.

A recent meta-analysis revealed that women with cervical HPV infection faced more than twice the risk of carrying oral HPV than those without (OR 2.22), with prevalence rates of 13% vs. 4%, respectively. The prevalence further rose to 17% among those with positive cytology. The results spotlight cervical HPV positivity as a marker for oral HPV risk, emphasizing the need for screening in high-risk women.